Raising the Drinking Age to 25: What Are the Pros and Cons?
There’s been an ongoing debate about the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) in the U.S. since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed in 1984. The federal law requires people be 21 years old to buy or possess alcohol. Some people feel that requiring people to be 21 to drink just makes underage drinking more of a problem and doesn’t align with other minimum age restrictions like joining the military or owning a gun. On the other side of the debate, people argue that young adults are less likely to drink responsibly, and that alcohol can damage the still-developing human brain. Some proponents of drinking age limits feel that the U.S. should raise the drinking age even higher — to 25. Pros of Raising the Drinking Age to 25 Some people believe raising the legal drinking age to 25 is imperative because of considerations like emotional and physical maturity. They also say the minimum drinking age saves lives by reducing the risk of danger to oneself and others. Here are a few reasons why they believe the legal drinking age should be raised to 25: Protects Brain Development Much research has shown the damaging effects of alcohol on brain development in teens and young adults. The brain is still undergoing crucial developments until age 25, and some scientists have found evidence that it keeps developing until as late as age 30. Young adult and teen drinking can interfere with brain development, causing long-term consequences like: Prevents Drunk Driving Fatalities There is a strong correlation between drunk driving and youth. Data shows that since the drinking age was raised to 21, there has been a significant decrease in alcohol-related car accidents. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that raising the drinking age to 21 saved 31,959 lives between 1975 and 2017. Furthermore, some research has shown that people aged 21-25 are the most likely age group to drive after drinking alcohol. Decreases Underage Drinking According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), after the drinking age was raised to 21, alcohol consumption in people aged 18 to 20 decreased from 59% to 40% in the six years following the change. Drinking also decreased from 70% to 56% during the same period in people aged 21 to 25. Lowers Addiction Risk Some research suggests that around 90% of adults with substance use disorders drank as teens or young adults. Proponents argue that raising the drinking age can help stem the addiction epidemic in the U.S. Cons of Raising the Drinking Age to 25 People who don’t think the drinking age should be raised and should potentially be lowered feel this way for a number of reasons. Some believe it’s a form of ageism, actually encourages underage drinking, and may put lives at risk because underage drinkers may be worried about reporting emergencies. Raises the Thrill of Underage Drinking Having a rebellious streak is part of the teenage years and sometimes continues into young adulthood. Youth are trying to develop their sense of self, and this often means pulling away from parents and questioning other authority figures. It’s a normal part of growing up. The parts of the brain responsible for impulsivity and decision-making are still under construction. This combination can fuel underage drinking. Critics of raising the drinking age argue that this change will just extend that “thrill” of asserting your independence against authority for a longer period given that we know that the brain continues developing well into the 20s. Discourages People to Get Help in Emergencies Some people believe lowering the drinking age can prevent medical emergencies and dangerous situations from becoming worse or deadly. They maintain that people who are drinking illegally may not call 911 if a friend is in trouble or an accident has happened because of drinking for fear of getting in trouble with the law or with their families. Many may not know that most states have laws in place that protect them from legal ramifications if they report an emergency. Doesn’t Align With Other Age Restrictions The United States is one of a handful of countries with a drinking age of 21. Proponents of keeping the drinking age at 21 or lowering the drinking age even more argue that European countries don’t have the same underage drinking problems as the U.S. They say that because people can drink legally at a younger age, it takes the allure of “breaking the rules” through alcohol consumption and so less youth drink. However, recent data shows that this is simply not the case. Around 50% of European countries have higher intoxication rates among teens and young adults, and also have similar binge drinking patterns. Proponents of keeping drinking age limits at 21 or lowering the drinking age say that the law is counterintuitive to other minimum age laws. They point to the fact that people can own a gun, join the military, vote, and be convicted of a crime as an adult at age 18, so not allowing people to drink until age 21 is a form of ageism. The Truth About Alcohol Whatever side you’re on in the debate about minimum drinking age, the truth is that alcohol can be dangerous and deadly at any age. When alcohol use progresses to alcohol addiction it takes over your life. If you’re worried about your drinking or that of a loved one, reach out to Footprints to Recovery. We provided evidence-based substance abuse treatment that will help you take back your life. References
Is it Safe to Mix Adderall and Xanax?
Mixing Xanax and Adderall is dangerous. The only time it’s safe to take Xanax and Adderall together is when prescribed by a doctor. However, in the last couple of decades, mixing Xanax and Adderall has become a form of prescription drug abuse. Xanax (alprazolam) and Adderall (amphetamine) both affect your central nervous system, but in different ways. Both have a high potential for abuse and addiction and taking the two together can have serious side effects. How Does Xanax Work? Xanax is a brand name of the generic medication alprazolam, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1981. Alprazolam belongs to a group of medications called benzodiazepines that are used to treat anxiety and panic disorders as well as seizures and sleeping disorders. Xanax works by slowing down central nervous system (CNS) activity, helping to reduce certain chemical imbalances that contribute to anxiety. Unlike some drugs that only lead to dependence or addiction, Xanax can lead to physical dependence even when taken according to a doctor’s orders. Therefore, Xanax use should be closely monitored by a doctor who can address any signs of Xanax abuse. How Does Adderall Work? Adderall is a prescription stimulant medication. Doctors may prescribe Adderall for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or narcolepsy. Adderall is made with amphetamines that work on parts of the central nervous system tied to impulses and hyperactivity. It increases brain chemicals that speed up brain activity. That’s why Adderall helps some people focus better and have more energy. The FDA approves Adderall as a prescription drug to treat narcolepsy in adults and an ADHD medication for adults and children. It has no other approved uses though it may rarely be prescribed “off-label” for treatment-resistant depression. Why Do People Mix Adderall and Xanax? Stimulant abuse and sedative abuse often co-occur in people with substance use disorders according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. People may combine Xanax and Adderall to counteract the effects of one of the drugs. Adderall is a stimulant. Abusing Adderall can give you a boost of energy. Some people take Xanax to even out the overstimulation they feel on large amounts of Adderall. Taking stimulants and depressant drugs together is known as speed balling. People speedball with other combinations of downers and uppers as well, like heroin and cocaine. It’s an effort to achieve a certain kind of high described as euphoric. Dangers of Mixing Adderall and Xanax The drug interactions of taking Xanax and Adderall together at prescribed doses are not dangerous but abusing them puts you at risk for overdose. The effects of Adderall or Xanax can be masked when you’re taking them together. This makes it easy to take dangerous doses because you’re not feeling all the effects of the drug. When you’re abusing drugs, your judgement and perception are clouded. You may keep taking more Adderall when you start feeling the high wear off or more Xanax when the sedating, relaxing qualities diminish. Mixing Adderall and Xanax can also intensify the side effects of each drug. These can include: Signs You Need Help If you’re using more than the recommended dosage of prescribed medications like Adderall and Xanax, you need to take a closer look at your substance use. Taking Adderall, Xanax, and other prescription drugs for recreational purposes is substance abuse and puts you at risk for addiction. If you’re worried about your substance use, reach out for a free, confidential consultation. Our treatment centers offer evidence-based addiction treatment that helps you get to the reasons why you abuse drugs and alcohol. You’ll develop healthy coping skills, relapse prevention strategies, and build a rewarding life in recovery. References
5 Signs You Use Drugs or Alcohol as a Coping Mechanism
No one who uses drugs or alcohol sets out to become addicted, but it happens. Over 14 million American adults have an alcohol use disorder according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and 31 million Americans over age 12 are using illicit drugs. The path to addiction often starts as a way to cope with challenging life experiences or negative emotions. If you’re doing any of these five things, it’s time to take a closer look at your substance use: 1. Using Drugs or Alcohol to Unwind American culture often depicts substance use as a way to deal with stress — winding down at the end of a long day with a glass of wine or toke — but using substances to cope with stress can quickly progress to a full-blown substance use disorder. If you’re using drugs or alcohol to cope with stress from work, school, family, or other pressures, you’re walking a slippery slope. Stress and alcoholism and drug addiction are inextricably linked. Regular use of substances is especially risky if you have trauma, a mental health disorder, or a family history of substance abuse. You are more susceptible to developing addictive behaviors and a drug or alcohol dependence under these circumstances. 2. Always Using Substances in Social Situations Drinking alcohol in social situations is acceptable and often encouraged in American culture — parties, sporting events, dates, even some movie theatres serve alcohol now. A true “social drinker” will have one — occasionally two — drinks in these situations. If you’re having several drinks and feeling like you need to have alcohol in social situations to feel comfortable or confident, it’s time to take a look at your substance use. The same goes with drug abuse. Always using drugs in social situations and avoiding events or gatherings where there won’t be an opportunity to drink alcohol or use drugs is a red light that you need help. 3. Needing Drugs or Alcohol to Sleep Sleep and addiction are often linked. The relationship is bidirectional. Alcohol and drug abuse can lead to sleep issues, but insomnia and poor sleep hygiene can also increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder. A common symptom of alcohol use disorders is insomnia. Some people think the effects of alcohol help them sleep better. While alcohol is a depressant and may help you feel more relaxed before you sleep, it actually gives you a less quality and amount of sleep. Some people develop a dependency on prescription drugs to sleep. Continued use of benzodiazepines can lead to a physical and psychological addiction. Furthermore, sleep issues can be an alcohol or drug withdrawal symptom. A key sign of addiction is needing a substance to function and stave off withdrawal. 4. Daydreaming About Drugs or Alcohol If you have frequent thoughts about drug and alcohol consumption when you’re not around them, you may be using substances to cope. For example, if you’re having a stressful situation at work and you find yourself thinking about how good a drink or a hit would be to take the edge off, you’re in dangerous territory. Regularly thinking about substance use throughout your day is a sign that your relationship with alcohol and drugs is problematic. 5. Using Drugs and Alcohol to Improve Your Mood Mental health disorders are often associated with alcohol and drug abuse. It’s estimated that around 9.2 million people who struggle with drug or alcohol abuse also have a co-occurring disorder. Common co-occurring disorders with addiction include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. If you turn to drugs or alcohol to remedy a low mood or anxious thoughts, substance abuse may be your way of trying to cope with psychiatric symptoms. Worried About Your Substance Use? One of the most significant signs of addiction is continuing to use drugs or alcohol despite negative consequences to your health, relationships, finances, and well-being. If the thought of changing your drug use or drinking behaviors makes you anxious or doesn’t seem possible, it’s time to seek help. Addiction treatment helps you address the reasons why you’re using drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism. You’ll explore those issues in a safe, compassionate environment with the help of behavioral health professionals. Drug and alcohol treatment also teaches you how to stop using alcohol and drugs as ways to self-medicate, and instead draw upon healthy coping skills when you’re triggered to use substances. We can help. If you or a loved one is struggling, call us for a free, confidential consultation. References
Does Drug Use Cause People to Lose Weight?
Rapid weight loss can be a sign of addiction. That’s because certain types of substance abuse can lead to weight loss — either directly or indirectly. For example, effects of cocaine abuse and other substances can produce profound metabolic changes, which can cause weight loss. Drug and alcohol abuse can also lead to behavior changes in eating habits, which can affect food intake. Losing weight because of an addiction can be dangerous, and even deadly. Learn how drugs can lead to weight loss, and why that’s never a good thing. Why Do Drugs Make You Lose Weight? Several substances of abuse can impact your weight. They do this by affecting organs or metabolism and by hijacking your brain and changing your priorities. When your main focus is using drugs or drinking, unhealthy eating behaviors can develop like skipping meals or consuming nutrient-deficient foods. Drugs that can impact weight include: Stimulants Weight loss is a common sign of cocaine addiction, methamphetamine addiction, and sometimes abuse of MDMA (Molly, ecstasy). Stimulants like these are often appetite suppressants and can also change the way calories and fat are metabolized. For example, some research shows that cocaine dependency alters the way your body processes and stores fat. Scientists aren’t exactly why this happens, but research shows it does occur. One study found that even though regular cocaine users ate an excessive amount of fatty foods and carbohydrates, they did not have the notable weight gain that typically results from this eating pattern. Once the users quit chronic cocaine use and continued these same eating behaviors, they experienced weight gain. Stimulants can also lead to weight loss by acting on the central nervous system and speeding up brain processes in a way that dulls feelings of hunger. Alcoholism Alcohol abuse can wreak havoc on your organs. While some people experience weight gain from the high caloric content of alcohol, after continuous abuse, the reverse can happen. One of the ways alcohol causes weight loss is by damaging your organs. The acid from alcohol can harm the lining of the stomach and intestines. This inhibits your body’s ability to absorb nutrients and can lead to chronic diarrhea or vomiting. Alcohol can also overload the liver’s ability to process toxins, which can cause liver inflammation, disease, and failure. The resulting effects of nausea and gastrointestinal problems can lead to weight loss. Opioids Weight loss frequently accompanies opioid addiction. Because of opioid and opiates’ highly addictive nature, drug-seeking-behaviors can completely take over your life. Often everyday practices like eating three meals a day, getting enough sleep, and personal hygiene fall by the wayside. Opiate addiction can harm your organs, which may lead to weight loss in the same ways as alcohol abuse. Gastrointestinal issues can make eating uncomfortable and hinder the absorption of nutrients. Injecting opioids can also lead to disease like Hepatitis, HIV, and other infections and diseases that lead to weight loss. Hallucinogens Even hallucinogens like LSD can cause weight loss. People who abuse hallucinogens can experience nausea and vomiting as side effects, which influence your appetite and calorie and fat intake. Prescription Pills and Weight Loss Weight loss can be a sign of prescription drug addiction. Abuse of any type of substance, even prescription medicine can cause weight loss and other damaging effects. Prescription painkillers contain opioids, which can lead to weight loss through organ damage and drug-seeking behaviors. Prescription stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall, which are prescribed for ADHD can suppress the appetite in ways similar to cocaine, meth, and illegal stimulants. What Are the Dangers of Weight Loss From Drugs? The only healthy way to lose weight is through eating well and exercising. Medical professionals advise losing no more than one to two pounds a week. Weight loss from alcohol and drug addiction is due to harmful effects of substances on your body and can cause long-term damage. Rapid weight loss can result in conditions like: Get Help for Addiction Without treatment, substance abuse and addiction get worse. If you or a loved one is showing signs of drug and alcohol addiction like continuing to use substances despite negative consequences to your health, it’s time to consider a treatment program. Footprints to Recovery addiction treatment center offers evidence-based care for substance use disorders. We use approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy that help you manage maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. We also use experiential approaches like EMDR therapy, yoga, and meditation for holistic healing. Footprints offers mental health treatment for co-occurring disorders and medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders as clinically appropriate. Choose from several levels of care: We also provide comprehensive aftercare planning and a robust alumni program, so you have the resources to help you thrive after treatment. Call us today for a free, confidential consultation. References
Is My Social Drinking a Problem? 10 Warning Signs
Alcohol and socializing often go hand-in-hand in America\’s drinking culture. Alcohol has gained a reputation as a social lubricant and a way to manage anxiety in social settings. Alcohol may be the world’s most accepted drug, but it’s still a drug, and many fail to recognize it as one. Many people who consume alcoholic beverages do so in settings where they are around others, so they describe themselves as “social drinkers.” When someone says they’re a social drinker, they usually mean they only drink alcohol during social gatherings. This may include parties, events, sports games, and other social settings where alcohol is served and other people drink as well. Social drinkers don’t drink alone and stick to drinking in only social settings. There is no defined pattern of use for people who identify as social drinkers. Their alcohol consumption patterns can range from drinking each weekend with friends to one time per month at a work conference. 10 Signs Your Social Drinking Could Be a Problem There may be times you ask yourself, “Is my drinking a problem?” The following 10 signs can help you clarify if the relationship you have with alcohol is bringing about negative consequences. 1. You “Pregame” Before Events or Social Gatherings. Your drinking may be a problem life if you use alcohol as a social lubricant to get through a no-alcohol event or you kick back a few before going to an event where you’ll be drinking even more. If you find yourself drinking to get ready to do more drinking, then it may be time to explore your relationship with alcohol. 2. You Stop Getting Invited to Events with Alcohol. Perhaps it was a one-time event when things got “out of hand,” or maybe it’s been a regular occurrence, but when friends or family stop extending invitations to events where alcohol is served, it can be a sign that your relationship with alcohol needs to be looked at. 3. You Experience Guilt or Shame After Drinking. Do your actions or words during drinking episodes ever trigger feelings of remorse? When inhibitions are lowered, you may say or do things that aren’t consistent with your values or character. The effects of alcohol can push you to act in ways that make you feel depressed or down the following day. If you beat yourself up over your choices and actions when under the influence of alcohol, it may be time to look at the role alcohol plays in your life. 4. You Get Defensive When Others Question Your Drinking. The way you view your behaviors and the way others view your behavior can be different. You may feel that your drinking pattern is no different than the company you keep, yet the impact alcohol has on you can be profoundly different. People don’t tend to get angry about things they are not invested in. If you find yourself defending your drinking patterns, it may be time to examine your drinking behavior. 5. You Drink More Than You Intended. What’s the point of drinking if you are not going to achieve a good “buzz?” The idea that the next drink is going to make you feel even better is the driving force behind alcohol abuse or binge drinking. It’s what fuels the chase to capture that sense of euphoria and results in consuming more alcohol than intended. If you find yourself setting limits on how much you are going to drink, then passing those limits, it may be time to talk to a professional about your alcohol use. 6. You Continue Drinking After the Social Event Has Ended. Do you keep drinking at the end of an event to keep the party going? If no one joins you after the event, you may find yourself having a nightcap when you go home. If you the limits of your drinking extend outside of social situations like events, it may be time to examine your relationship with alcohol. 7. You Use Alcohol as a Reward. Perhaps it isn’t hard to find a drinking motive anymore. You begin to look at alcohol as a reward for accomplishing a project, achieving a goal, or just getting through the day. When alcohol is the reward driving your behaviors, it is time to examine how much of a role alcohol has in your life. 8. You Use Alcohol to Manage Emotions. Just like some can look at alcohol as a reward, they can also look at it as an emotional fire extinguisher. The link between distressing emotions and drinking can be a strong bond. When you look to alcohol consumption to “solve” the “problem of feeling,” you form a strong emotional connection that extends further than drinking socially. 9. You Have Blackouts When Drinking. Do you sometimes find yourself nodding absentmindedly when people talk about things that happened while you were drinking? Do you find periods of time are missing from the previous day\’s heavy drinking or binge-drinking episode? Perhaps messages have been sent from your phone that you don\’t remember sending, or you find yourself in bed and don’t remember getting home. That’s a blackout and a sign that your social drinking passed a threshold. If you’ve experienced it, that’s a sign that your ability to “control” alcohol use is compromised. 10. You Have Engaged in Behaviors to Try and Control Your Drinking. AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) says it beautifully: “All of us felt at times that we were regaining control, but such intervals usually brief were inevitably followed by still less control, which led in time to pitiful and incomprehensible demoralization…. The idea that somehow, someday he will control and enjoy his drinking is the greatest obsession of every abnormal drinker.” AA goes on further to point out some of the ways people try to control their drinking: Stop Alcohol Abuse Before It Gets Worse If you find yourself relating to this all too well, it could be time to consider specialized alcohol addiction treatment programs to stop drinking. Not all
What Is Meth Psychosis and How Can You Get Help?
Paranoia, anxiety, hallucinations. Meth psychosis can be terrifying, and anyone who’s gone through it will tell you it’s something you don’t want to experience. However, if you’re abusing meth, there’s a good chance you will experience meth psychosis at some point. Research shows meth psychosis is a problem for many people who use the drug recreationally. Studies have found that meth-induced psychotic disorder affects between 7% and 76% of meth users. The prevalence of meth psychosis is around 36.5%. This disorder is more common among people who have a lifetime diagnosis of meth use disorder (43.3%), but anyone who uses meth is at risk for it. What is Meth Psychosis? Chronic meth users are at risk for an effect of meth known as meth psychosis. This is also called amphetamine psychosis. Methamphetamine abuse causes brain changes that can flip your high from euphoria to a bout of meth paranoia. Meth psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia share some of the same symptoms. The experience can be very scary and unsettling to someone going through it and for the people around them. Symptoms of meth psychosis may include: When meth-induced psychosis occurs, you may also experience meth mites or “crank bugs.” This is the sensation of bugs crawling on your body. Some crystal meth users say they also have visual hallucinations, believing they see the bugs as well. Other Signs of Meth Abuse If you’re worried that a loved one is using meth, here are some other symptoms of meth abuse and addiction to be aware of: Also look for paraphernalia people use for shooting, injecting, or smoking meth. These may include: What Causes Meth Psychosis? Meth causes your brain to produce extreme amounts of dopamine, which is sometimes called the “feel-good chemical.” Excessive dopamine produces a sense of euphoria . It’s also a chemical tied to several important body functions, like: The overproduction of dopamine is what can cause psychosis from meth abuse. Your brain eventually becomes depleted of dopamine, which interferes with how it communicates to other parts of your body. The effect of methamphetamine dependence on your limbic system also contributes to meth paranoia. The limbic system is tied to emotions, and meth psychosis can trigger feelings like intense anxiety. How Long Does Meth Psychosis Last? Meth psychosis can last for up to a week, but it may persist for months in some cases. Repeated meth abuse can lead to long-term psychosis. This is a mental disorder that causes you to see or hear things that aren’t there and have paranoid delusions and severe anxiety. Repeated use of methamphetamine can cause permanent psychological effects, like paranoia and psychosis. One study examined 258 meth users who had been abusing drugs for an average of seven years. Of the 189 patients: Compared to the other two groups, patients whose symptoms persisted for more than six months were more likely to have: Psychotic symptoms at the time of follow-up How to Help Someone with Meth Psychosis The time it takes to come out of a meth psychosis varies. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, often meth paranoia may only last until the drug has left your system. Other times, you develop psychosis as a part of meth withdrawal, which can last a few days as the central nervous system tries to rebalance itself. There are some methamphetamine users who experience psychosis symptoms for months or even years after quitting meth. There isn’t a cure for meth-induced psychosis. Sometimes doctors prescribe medications to help with long-term psychotic symptoms, but most times it is a matter of waiting for the symptoms to subside. The best thing you can do for someone experiencing meth psychosis is keep them safe and try to get them help for their addiction. They are incapable of rational thought during a psychotic episode, and they may be confused and delusional. Here are a few things you can do during a meth psychosis: Who Is at Risk for Meth Psychosis? Methamphetamine psychosis is a mental disorder that results from chronic use of methamphetamine. Some people are more at risk for developing meth psychosis than others. Having a history of psychiatric disorders is a risk factor for methamphetamine psychosis. This includes people who have: Other factors that may increase the risk of methamphetamine psychosis include: What Makes Meth Dangerous? Meth doesn’t just put you at risk for psychotic symptoms. It’s a dangerous and deadly drug that kills thousands of people every year. Deaths involving methamphetamine have been climbing steadily since 2012. In 2021, deaths associated with stimulants such as meth increased to 33,000 from 25,000. The DEA classifies methamphetamine as a Schedule II drug. This means meth has a high potential for abuse and can be very dangerous. It also means you can develop a severe psychological and physical dependence on meth. Meth addiction is extremely difficult to overcome without professional help. Some meth users say they became addicted after the first time they used it. People who experience a meth high want to achieve that high again and again. Meth produces more dopamine than other stimulants like cocaine, and the high lasts longer. As you continue to abuse meth, it’s more difficult to get that same high. Your body quickly develops a tolerance to it. Your brain produces excessive amounts of dopamine that start depleting your natural supplies of this chemical. Dopamine plays an important role in your brain and body. When levels are off-balance, you experience meth withdrawal symptoms. This keeps you in the addiction cycle, just trying to prevent meth withdrawal by using the drug. Many meth users have co-occurring mental health disorders. Mental illnesses that often co-occur with meth addiction include: This is known as a dual diagnosis, and an addiction treatment center treats both conditions together, which helps prevent relapse. Substance abuse treatment also provides drug detox, so you’re supported by health care professionals during this process. They can prescribe medications to help ease physical discomfort from meth withdrawal. A medical team will also monitor
What Should You Do If Your Boss Is An Alcoholic?
Having a boss or supervisor with an addiction can make for a chaotic or toxic work environment. Alcoholism and other forms of addiction can cause erratic behaviors and unpredictability in the individual, which may fuel heightened anxiety and stress in the people around them. Having a potentially alcoholic boss can negatively impact your job. A 2019 study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs estimates that around 53 million adults are negatively impacted by someone else’s addiction. This impact may come in the form of: Having an alcoholic boss not only affects your work life but can have emotional and psychological repercussions that seep into your personal life. You may also feel concern or worry for your supervisor but aren’t sure how to help. Debi Bliazis is a SHRM-certified professional (SHRM-CP) and a Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) with over 15 years of human resources experience. She is currently the Vice President and Director of Human Resources at Champions School of Real Estate. Bliazis shares some valuable insights about what to do if you suspect your supervisor has a drinking problem. Signs of High-Functioning Alcoholism Substance abuse is a real problem in the workforce and having an alcoholic boss or supervisor can be an extra challenge for employees. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: When drug and alcohol use turns into addiction, it impacts all areas of an individual’s life — including work. People who are able to maintain work responsibilities in the face of a substance use disorder are often called high-functioning alcoholics. However, while they may be able to keep it together for a while, addiction gets worse without treatment. Eventually, their alcohol abuse can damage their physical health, behavioral health, career, and relationships. Bliazis says the following are signs of problematic alcohol use that can show up in the workplace: What Should I Do if My Boss Is an Alcoholic? If your boss has a drinking problem, you may feel like you’re between a rock and a hard place. Perhaps you worry that reporting it will get them — or you — in trouble. You may also fear that reporting your boss’s substance abuse will make your life harder. You may be concerned that they’ll be angry and take it out on you or you’ll be passed over for promotions. The truth is there are laws and regulations in place that should protect you from any aftermath. The other truth is addiction is dangerous and sometimes deadly. Calling attention to their problem may just save their life or the lives of others. Bliazis suggests the following actions when you suspect there is a case of alcoholism in the workplace: Review Your Employee Handbook The first thing Bliazis recommends is to review your employee handbook. Look for the Drug-Free Workplace Policy section. The Drug-Free Workplace Act is a law congress enacted in 1988 for federal workers and contractors, but many companies across all industries have adopted this policy. Your company’s Drug-Free Workplace Policy may contain the steps you need to take for reporting alcohol or drug abuse. Make a Detailed List of Incidents Before you approach the Human Resources department, it’s important to have evidence of situations or events tied to substance abuse. This includes dates, times, witnesses, and any other signs of alcohol misuse. “Providing details helps your human resources representative gather additional information to address the situation,” says Bliazis. “Just presenting HR with gossip or hearsay may not give them enough concrete information to investigate the claim.” Tell Human Resources When an employee’s alcohol addiction is affecting their job, it’s best to get human resources involved instead of trying to address the problem yourself. “I recommend the employee reach out to human resources to discuss their observations and concerns,” says Bliazis. “The employee could also reach out to another supervisor or company executive, if an HR representative is not accessible.” Contact Your EAP Many companies offer an Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which enables you to talk to counselors. Services through an EAP are free, and all of them are confidential. “EAPs provide a confidential opportunity for employees to speak with someone about difficult situations,” says Bliazis. “The EAP can recommend resources and provide them with options. The employee can communicate their concerns and receive guidance from a counselor to determine the best approach in their situation.” Can I Get in Trouble For Reporting My Boss’s Alcohol Abuse? Most companies have policies in place that prevent retaliation on employees who bring concerns to human resources. Bliazis says that any information an employee brings to Human Resources about a potentially alcoholic boss or supervisor should be kept confidential by them. If your boss still suspects that you reported them and takes it out on you, there are actions you can take. “If the supervisor is harassing an employee for bringing forward a claim, the supervisor could face potential violations of company policy that may result in disciplinary action against the supervisor,” says Bliazis. “If there are events of harassment or mistreatment from the supervisor, I recommend the employee document them and bring concerns forward to HR.” How Do Companies Handle Substance Abuse Reports? Every company has their own policies and procedures for these types of situations. Bliazis says that ideally companies will handle substance abuse concerns professionally and compassionately. “If the employee requires addiction treatment, some companies will grant a leave of absence,” says Bliazis. “Another option is modifying their work schedule so they can attend outpatient treatment.” If the employee is covered under the company’s benefits program, the HR representative may reach out to the provider to gather information about coverage, length of treatment, cost, and inpatient or outpatient treatment program options. It’s important to acknowledge that this is a difficult situation for both you and your supervisor. Bliazis says it can help to try to find some empathy. “You never know what may be going on with someone or what personal struggles they are dealing with. Many
What Causes Alcoholism in the Workplace, and How Can It Be Helped?
You see people like this every day. They’re trying to hide it, but they’re struggling, and it’s impacting their lives and the lives of those around them. Signs of Alcohol Abuse in the Workplace The impact of alcohol abuse in the workplace shows up in a couple of ways. People with alcohol dependence may be drinking alcohol onsite in the workplace. Other times, employees drinking habits at home rollover into work. They consume alcohol off hours, but the effects of their drinking cause hangovers, poor work performance, and relational strife on the job. Signs of alcoholism in the workplace include: When substance use progresses into addiction, people continue to use drugs and alcohol despite negative consequences. Alcohol affects the brain’s reward center. People with alcohol use disorders get messages from their brain that they need alcohol to survive, just as they do food, water, and social connection. That’s why people with addictions engage in patterns that could jeopardize their livelihood like drinking on the job, missing multiple days of work, or slipping in performance. At this point of alcohol addiction, the effects of alcoholism have found their way into all areas of their life, including work. Typically, professional alcohol treatment is needed to overcome substance abuse when it’s gotten this concerning. What Causes Alcoholism in the Workplace? The reasons people with substance use disorders use drugs and alcohol usually stems from several reasons. Addiction is influenced by biological and environmental factors. There isn’t one “cause” of substance abuse, but there are situations and experiences that trigger substance abuse. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism identifies a few risk factors that research says contributes to substance misuse in the workplace: Stress There is a link between higher levels of alcohol consumption and stress at work. Job stress and low job satisfaction are associated with more drinking. Other factors that can lead to alcohol abuse in the workplace include: On the other hand, employees who are drinking to excess off the job have a harder time dealing with “normal” pressures at work, which can perpetuate the cycle. Having autonomy and satisfaction at work is associated with lower levels of drinking. Alienation When employees feel left out or alienated from peers in the workplace, it can increase their drinking habits. A toxic environment, whether that’s an unfair or demoralizing supervisor, bullying, or interpersonal conflict can also fuel alcohol abuse. People with substance use disorders sometimes have struggles that can influence interpersonal issues at work so that begs the question, which came first? Work Cultures and Subcultures Drinking norms vary across industries. Some occupations have more of a drinking culture. Occupations that are linked with heavy drinking patterns include: Some occupations have less tolerance for on-the-job drinking or hangovers, where other industries might let it slide as long as it isn’t too disruptive. Then there are some workplace cultures where drinking at work is often acceptable at lunches off-site or to close a business deal. They allow employees to drink somewhat regularly. A stressful work environment or a drinking culture on its own are typically not the only reasons behind addiction. Most of the time substance use disorders emerge from a combination of underlying factors like childhood trauma, co-occurring mental health disorders, and genetic predispositions. However, challenging life experiences like work stress or difficult feelings can bring about the desire to cope with those underlying issues through drugs and alcohol. Looking for Help? Substance abuse and mental health issues are workplace problems that can’t be ignored. Addicted employees are not only harming themselves, but they can also: Research shows addicted employees miss nearly 50% more days than their peers. In contrast, employees who’ve received substance abuse treatment and have been in recovery for at least a year miss the fewest days of anyone in the workforce and are the least likely to leave their employers. Support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous and Smart Recovery are a good start but are not a substitute for professional treatment. Treating alcoholism with therapies and approaches proven effective in addiction recovery is necessary. Connecting employees with alcohol addiction to treatment is critical for their health, and the health of the organization. Footprints to Recovery’s teams have highly trained, compassionate addiction and mental health experts. Our evidence-based alcohol rehab treatment programs have helped thousands of people struggling with substance abuse. With inpatient and outpatient treatment offerings, we can accommodate your employee’s needs. We help HR professionals and others connect employees with assessments, treatment, and resources. We can also help determine the appropriate level of care. Options include: Call us today for a free, confidential consultation and see how we can help. References
What Are Bath Salts?
A dangerous and disturbing trend in recent years, bath salt abuse is popular among teens and young adults. The synthetic drug known as bath salts has nothing to do with the aromatic crystals you use in bath water. Bath salts are designer drugs derived from a synthetic form of cathinone, which comes from the Khat plant. Bath salts are classified as a Schedule I drug by the US Drug Enforcement Administration. Schedule I drugs have no known medical use and a high potential for abuse. In 2010, the American Association of Poison Control Centers named bath salts as an “emerging public health threat.” Bath salts have a reputation on the streets as a cheaper, more accessible form of drugs like LSD, cocaine, meth, and Molly (MDMA). The name came about as a way to skirt federal laws. Synthetic cathinones (bath salts) are crumbly, dissolvable, and have a slight odor. Like “real” bath salts, the drug is contained in packaging that reads, “Not for human consumption.” According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, people abuse bath salts to try to achieve a high they describe as: The temporary high of abusing bath salts can also bring uncomfortable and serious short-term effects and long-term effects. Street Names for Bath Salts Bath salts are illegal drugs that go by a number of names including the following: What Are the Signs of Bath Salt Abuse? Bath salt abusers may experience some of the following symptoms and warning signs related to cathinone use: Are Bath Salts Addictive? With regular abuse, bath salts can be addictive. One of the effects of bath salt intoxication is an overstimulation of dopamine, which is a “feel-good” chemical in your brain. Any substance that impacts the brain in this way has potential for abuse, addiction, and adverse effects. Bath salts can be addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms when you discontinue the drug. Users swallow, snort, or inject the drug. The most dangerous ways to use bath salts are through needle injection and snorting. Specialized substance abuse and mental health treatment can help you begin repairing the physical and psychological damage of addiction and stimulant effects. Why Are Bath Salts Dangerous? Bath salts’ effects are dangerous for a number of reasons. One hazard of synthetic stimulant drugs like bath salts is that makers keep altering the active ingredients to get around drug laws. Once one ingredient is banned, they tweak its composition or find a new one to take its place — perhaps one that’s even more dangerous than the previous. Ingredients in bath salts are unpredictable, so taking bath salts is always a risk. For instance, if bath salts are cut with the deadly substance fentanyl, which finds its way into many street drugs today, you are at high risk for overdose. The process for getting a substance banned is often long and complex, so it’s hard for lawmakers to stay on top of the evolving drug, its makers, and drug abusers. Bath salts fall into the category, “New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)”, a designation by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to indicate a substance poses a significant risk to public health and challenges drug policy. Bath salts can cause a number of potentially serious side effects. Bath salts users are at risk for: Do You Need Addiction Treatment for Bath Salts? Because some people who abuse bath salts may experience physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms, medical detox could be necessary. This process allows you to remove toxins from your body safely with help from medical professionals. As with any type of drug addiction, professional treatment is necessary to help prevent relapse. If you don’t address the reasons behind your substance abuse, the pull to use drugs and alcohol to self-medicate will persist. Keys to long-term recovery include: Ready to Get Help? Addiction doesn’t go away on its own. Recovery is possible and more rewarding than you can imagine right now. Get the help you need to take back your life and build a better one. Footprints to Recovery provides evidence-based addiction and behavioral health care that works. Call us today for a free, confidential consultation. References
Foods That Curb Alcohol Cravings
Cravings are a normal part of recovery from alcohol addiction. They happen for several reasons. With regular substance abuse, your brain develops strong associations with places, feelings, situations, and people tied to your drinking. Research shows these associations are so strong that just encountering them is almost like having drugs or alcohol in front of you. Another culprit of alcohol cravings, especially in early recovery, is the damage done to your central nervous system by substance abuse. Your brain grew accustomed to alcohol helping produce “feel-good” chemicals like dopamine and serotonin. Without alcohol, it must re-establish appropriate serotonin and dopamine levels on its own without the help of alcohol. This can take some time and may create a condition known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). These are lingering alcohol withdrawal symptoms that are usually psychological and can last for weeks or months. During this period, you may experience anxiety, depression, agitation, insomnia, and other symptoms as your brain restores homeostasis. You may crave alcohol to self-medicate these symptoms. The good news is that there are ways to diminish alcohol cravings. You probably already know that practices like attending support groups, therapy, and avoiding triggers can help, but proper nutrition is also a powerful force in long-term recovery. David Wiss, MS, RDN, and PhD candidate is a nationally recognized expert in nutrition and substance use disorders and a published author. He is the founder of Wise Mind Nutrition and Nutrition in Recovery, which provide nutrition services, resources, and education for people struggling with addiction, mental health disorders, eating disorders, and other behavioral health issues. Wiss weighs in on foods that curb alcohol cravings and help the addiction recovery process. Why Is Nutrition Important in Addiction Recovery? Many alcoholics are malnourished. When alcohol use turns into an addiction, eating healthy food falls by the wayside. You’re usually either trying to obtain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or planning when you’ll drink again. You’re lucky if you eat three meals a day, much less maintain a healthy diet. Alcohol also slows down digestion and the way your body absorbs, transports, and excretes nutrients. It interferes with the breakdown of nutrients into molecules the body can use. Alcohol also damages cells in the intestines and stomach, which causes them to absorb less nutrients. Wiss says that eating foods rich in certain nutrients is an important part of repairing damage to the body by alcohol abuse as well as counteracting several conditions that can lead to alcohol cravings, such as: Inflammation Alcohol damages the gut lining which can fuel a series of inflammatory responses. Mental health disorders like depression are linked to heightened inflammatory activation. This is relevant because many people with addictions try to self-medicate mental health symptoms with alcohol or drugs. “Gut-healing foods reduce inflammation at the gut level, which may, in turn, reduce inflammation throughout the body, including the brain,” said Wiss. Micronutrient Deficiencies Chronic alcohol use is associated with several micronutrient deficiencies, particularly B vitamins. Micronutrients play a critical role in energy levels, aiding the immune system, and other essential functions. Low energy and feeling poorly can trigger alcohol cravings. “Nutrient-dense foods and a balanced diet help to address the micronutrient deficiencies that can actually contribute to the craving cascade,” said Wiss. Erratic Blood Sugar Levels Glucose and alcohol consumption are inextricably linked. When your blood sugar levels are off and you’re feeling out of sorts or have a low mood, you may feel a stronger pull to use alcohol. “Regular alcohol use impairs blood sugar response — setting up highs and lows,” said Wiss. “Regular eating patterns can help normalize that. Having stable blood sugar can improve your mood.” Cross Addictions You may have been cautioned about trading in one addiction for another in recovery. Cross addictions typically involve other dopamine-seeking behaviors. For example, you quit heroin but begin to abuse alcohol or marijuana. Cross addictions can also be behavioral — you quit drinking but develop a binge-eating disorder or gambling addiction. Eating foods that support brain health and neurotransmitter functions may help prevent urges to find other ways of obtaining similar feelings as drinking alcohol. “Alcohol addiction is associated with impaired brain reward, which often sets up other addictions, such as caffeine, nicotine, and even highly palatable foods,” said Wiss. “Therefore, deliberate efforts to improve health may counteract some of the negative cross addictions associated with abstinence.” Foods That Curb Alcohol Cravings Eating healthy can serve as an important relapse-prevention tool by reducing alcohol cravings and supporting overall well-being. Wiss recommends several foods to help reduce your cravings: #1 Foods High in Omega-3 and Protein Healthy fats like omega-3 can improve mental health and reduce cell death and inflammation that come with heavy drinking. Protein can help with dopamine levels. When dopamine levels are low — which is often the case in early recovery–it can cause cravings for alcohol. Good sources of protein and omega-3 include: #2 Foods High in Fiber Fiber, especially soluble fiber, supports a healthy gut, which is compromised from heavy drinking. Because you digest fiber slowly, it keeps your blood sugar levels steady. When you eat foods high in carbohydrates you get a quick sugar rush, followed by a drop in blood sugar levels. This can lead to alcohol cravings. Good sources of fiber include: #3 Foods High in Antioxidants Foods with antioxidants like fruits and vegetables are great remedies for alcohol cravings for two reasons. They can lower inflammation and have positive benefits for neurotransmitters involved in alcohol cravings. These processes may help ease some of the mental health symptoms as your brain tries to rebalance itself in recovery. Good sources of antioxidants include: Changing your diet won’t stop alcohol cravings altogether – they’re an unavoidable part of recovery — but it can greatly support your ability to stay strong in the face of triggers. When you feel healthy and your body is working to its best ability, it’s easier to draw on other relapse-prevention tools that help you stay sober. Looking for Help? Footprints
